Varicella Zoster Virus

Even this virus is dangerous for human being but the vaccine have founded for this kind of virus so we can prevent from this virus attack.

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is one of eight herpes viruses known to infect humans (and other vertebrates). It commonly causes chicken-pox in children and both shingles and postherpetic neuralgia in adults.

Varicella zoster virus is known by many names, including: chickenpox virus, varicella virus, zoster virus, and human herpes virus type 3 (HHV-3).

Primary VZV infection results in chickenpox (varicella), which may rarely result in complications including encephalitis or pneumonia. Even when clinical symptoms of chickenpox have resolved, VZV remains dormant in the nervous system of the infected person (virus latency), in the trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia. In about 10-20% of cases, VZV reactivates later in life producing a disease known as herpes zoster or shingles. Serious complications of shingles include postherpetic neuralgia, zoster multiplex, myelitis, herpes ophthalmicus, or zoster sine herpete.

Primary VZV infection results in chickenpox (varicella), which may rarely result in complications including encephalitis or pneumonia. Even when clinical symptoms of chickenpox have resolved, VZV remains dormant in the nervous system of the infected person (virus latency), in the trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia. In about 10-20% of cases, VZV reactivates later in life producing a disease known as herpes zoster or shingles. Serious complications of shingles include postherpetic neuralgia, zoster multiplex, myelitis, herpes ophthalmicus, or zoster sine herpete.

The virus is very susceptible to disinfectants, notably sodium hypochlorite. Within the human body it can be treated by a number of drugs and therapeutic agents including aciclovir, zoster-immune globulin (ZIG), and vidarabine.

Rubella Virus

Like influenza that have transform into other kind of influenza, have many types of influenze currently, swize flu, bird flu, singpore flu and many others. Rubella also caused by the kind of measles viruses that have transformation into other kind of virus. Rubella virus is not just attact our external body, this virus also can attack out brain network for long effect.

Rubella virus also known as "German Measles" (due to early citation in German medical literature), infection during pregnancy can cause congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) with serious malformations of the developing fetus. The type and degree of abnormality relates to the time of maternal infection.

Rubella peaked in 1964 and 1965, when 12.5 million cases were reported (USA). As a result, 20,000 babies were born with birth defects, 6,200 babies were stillborn, and an estimated 5,000 births were aborted, both naturally and assisted. At that time no treatment by vaccination existed and this only became available in 1969. The disease was dangerous because in children it was almost unnoticable and pregnant women often did not know that they had been exposed.
Children infected with rubella before birth (a condition known as congenital rubella) are at risk for the following: growth retardation; malformations of the heart, eyes, or brain; deafness; and liver, spleen, and bone marrow problems.

The complete genomic sequence (Dominguez etal., 1990) of Rubella is now known. Rubella is a 9755 bp single stranded RNA positive-strand virus with no DNA stage (Togaviridae; Rubivirus) encoding nonstructural protein, capsid protein, glycoproteins E1 and E2. (More?